Association of weight-adjusted-waist index with incident hypertension: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

AimsTo explore the association between WWI and the incidence of HTN in the Rural Chinese Cohort Study.Methods and ResultsWe examined data for 10,338 non-hypertensive participants (39.49% men) aged ≥ 18 years from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study who completed a baseline examination during 2007–2008 and follow-up during 2013–2014. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the probability of HTN across four WWI categories. Restricted cubic splines analysis was used to model the dose–response association of WWI and HTN. A total of 2078 participants had HTN during a median follow-up of 6 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, as compared with the lowest WWI category (<9.94 cm/√kg), with WWI 9.94 to 10.42, 10.42 to 10.91 and ≥ 10.91 cm/√kg, the ORs (95% CIs) for HTN were 1.12 (0.93–1.35), 1.40 (1.17–1.69) and 1.50 (1.24–1.82), respectively. Results of the sensitivity analyses were robust. The ORs were generally consistent on subgroup analysis by sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines showed a non-linear positive association between WWI and HTN (P_nonlinearity < 0.001).ConclusionThe highest WWI category was significantly associated with increased risk of HTN. Our findings may facilitate the development and promotion of obesity prevention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of HTN and provide evidence for healthcare policy in rural China.     

富血小板血浆及其在骨科领域的应用进展

目的介绍富血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma，PRP）及其在骨科领域的应用。方法查阅国内外近年来PRP制备、生理机制及其在骨科领域最新应用的文献，并进行回顾和综合分析。结果PRP具有促进组织愈合及促进骨再生等功能，缺点是缺乏标准的制备方法，PRP所含生长因子和蛋白质数量以及各种生长因子的相互作用机制仍不明确。临床应用前仍需建立可靠的动物模型和标准化的临床试验。结论PRP在骨科领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

神经导航辅助眉弓锁孔入路量化研究及临床意义

目的:报道经眉弓锁孔入路对鞍区结构的显微外科解剖和显微技术。方法:在15例(30侧)经颈内动脉、椎动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人头标本上模拟经眉弓锁孔入路,借助手术显微镜(6~25倍)观察鞍区显微解剖结构,并在神经导航下量化Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ间隙面积,颈内动脉及分支、视神经长度。结果:眉弓锁孔入路对5间隙结构有很好暴露,通过第Ⅱ间隙打开Liliequist膜后可见基底动脉(BA)分叉,大脑后动脉(PCA),小脑上动脉(SCA)及其穿通血管和动眼神经出脑干处及其行程,各间隙面积Ⅰ(85.64±6.87mm2)、Ⅱ(46.62±5.34mm2)、Ⅲ(18.97±2.78mm2)、Ⅳ(49.27±4.86mm2)、Ⅴ(35.95±3.41mm2);颈内动脉眼段长(6.64±1.45mm),交通段长(3.35±0.46mm),脉络膜段长(3.75±0.67mm),仔细分离切断周围的蛛网膜小梁,充分游离血管及其分支,在视交叉后上方可充分显露大脑前动脉(ACA)A1、A2段,前交通动脉复合体及Heubner返支,A1长(22.12±3.65mm)。左侧视神经为(15.15±2.54mm),右(14.42±1.89mm)。结论:眉弓锁孔入路可对鞍区结构很好暴露,第Ⅰ间隙面积最大,Ⅰ、Ⅳ与入路方向一致,显露更为满意,通过Ⅱ间隙可观察Willis后环周围结构;处理鞍区肿瘤,以鞍区4个常规解剖间隙为主,联合第Ⅴ间隙可获得满意效果。     

Peroperative scoring systems for predicting the outcome of cytoreductive surgery in advanced-stage ovarian cancer – A systematic review

The extent of peritoneal metastases (PM) largely determines the possibility of complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer. An objective scoring system to quantify the extent of PM can help clinicians to decide whether or not to embark on CRS. Therefore several scoring systems have been developed by different research teams and this review summarizes their performance in predicting a complete or optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. A systematic search in the MEDLINE database revealed 19 articles that described a total of five main scoring systems to predict the completeness of CRS in patients with FIGO stage III-IV ovarian cancer based on the surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity; PCI, PIV, Eisenkop, Espada, and Kasper. The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the Predictive Index Value (PIV) were mentioned most frequently and showed AUCs of 0.69–0.92 and 0.66–0.98, respectively. Due to the use of different cut-offs sensitivities and specificities greatly varied. Therefore with the current data, no scoring system could be identified as best. An objective measure of the extent of disease can be of great clinical use for identifying ovarian cancer patients for which a complete (or optimal) CRS is achievable, however due to local differences in treatment strategies and surgical policy a widely adopted objective scoring system with a standard cut-off value is not feasible. Nevertheless, objective scoring systems can play an important role to guide treatment decisions.     

Prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in peritoneal dialysis patients and analyze the related risk factors. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. The patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis from January 2017 to December 2017 in the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were selected as the study subjects. RLS was screened for peritoneal dialysis patients by epidemiological field investigation based on the RLS diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Leg Syndrome Research Group in 2014. Clinical data and laboratory examinations of selected patients were collected and the differences of clinical indicators between RLS and non-RLS patients were compared. The risk factors related to RLS were analyzed by logistic regression. Results Seventy-six cases of RLS were screened out from 396 PD patients. The prevalence of RLS was 19.2%. Compared with non-RLS group, RLS group patients had longer dialysis age, less 24 hours urine volume, and elevated blood intact Parathormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (all P﹤0.05). There was no significant difference in primary disease ratio, sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, hemoglobin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, eGFR, Kt/V, Ccr between RLS and non-RLS group patients (all P﹥0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long dialysis age (OR=1.010, 95%CI 1.001-1.018, P=0.022) and high blood AKP (OR=1.005, 95%CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.021) were independent risk factors for RLS in peritoneal dialysis patients (both P﹤0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of RLS is high in peritoneal dialysis patients. Long dialysis age and high blood AKP are independent risk factors for RLS.     

不同抗凝剂种类、操作和保存方法对血浆微粒检测影响

目的探讨不同抗凝剂种类、标本处理方式、保存温度及时间对血浆微粒(MPs)检测效果的影响。方法采集2013年8月—2014年5月在苏州大学附属第二医院住院治疗的40例系统性红斑狼疮患者、41例类风湿性关节炎患者和52名健康对照者血浆标本;采用流式细胞术(FCM)计数不同抗凝剂[枸橼酸盐、乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)、肝素]、标本处理方式[洗涤贫血小板血浆(PPP)和直接PPP]、保存温度(-4、-20、-80℃)及时间(1、3、7、10、14 d)血浆中MPs的含量。结果采用枸橼酸盐、EDTA-K2、肝素抗凝剂和无抗凝剂血浆中MPs含量分别为(1 527.0±620.4)、(981.4±247.9)、(877.7±176.2)和(480.8±112.2)μL,差异有统计学意义(F=9.11,P<0.01);系统性红斑狼疮患者、类风湿性关节炎患者和健康对照者直接PPP MPs含量分别为(1 972.4±2 850.7)、(3 347.8±3431.5)和(2 157.7±1 901.1)μL,均高于洗涤PPP的(1 406.4±2 205.7)、(2 375.6±2 500.2)和(1 502.8±1 337.1)μL(均P<0.01);与新鲜血浆标本MPs含量比较,-4℃、-20℃下血浆标本保存1、3、7、10 d和-80℃下血浆标本保存3、7、10 d MPs含量均下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在3个温度下保存14 d MPs含量开始升高,与新鲜血浆标本MPs含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);分别对3个温度下保存1、3、7、10、14 d血浆标本MPs含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论检测血浆MPs含量时宜选用新鲜EDTA-K2抗凝标本且无需多次离心洗涤,短期内标本保存在-4℃、-20℃、-80℃下均可。     

NF-κB参与七氟烷预处理所致延迟性抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤

目的 观察七氟烷预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的延迟性保护作用,探讨NF-κB参与保护作用的机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为:对照组(CON组);缺血再灌注组(I/R组);七氟烷延迟性组(SWOP组);七氟烷对照组(SEVO组);PTN(NF-κB特异性阻断剂)组;DMSO组以及PTN+ SWOP组.用TTC染色法测定心肌梗死范围;Western blot法检测NF-κB(P65,P50)蛋白表达.结果 与I/R组相比SWOP组梗死范围减小,且该作用可被PTN所阻断;SWOP组缺血前NF-κB(P65,P5O)蛋白表达(56±4,58±3)高于CON组(34±4,40 ±1);I/R和SWOP组再灌注后NF-κB(P65,P50)蛋白表达均上调,SWOP组蛋白上调幅度低于I/R组.结论 七氟烷预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有延迟性保护作用;NF-κB可能参与了其延迟性保护机制.